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Hypertext Markup Language is mainly a medium for web designers to present the information in such a manner that can be easily read by users of the internet. There are various markup tags which we use in html for any website design.
Here is vocabulary of markup tags used for website developments:-
<b>
To make the text bold
<u>
To underline the text
<p>
To create a paragraph
<ul>/<li>
To create a list
We can understand better by an example showing how html works. On your system go to Notepad and type:-
<b><html>
<head>
<title>My first html page</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>first web page</h2>
(<h2> used for heading)
<p></p>
This is to create paragraph
</p></b>
<b><p>
This is to create another paragraph in this by default the text would automatically be separated from the previous paragraph with a white space line and it will appear in double spaced.
</p></b>
<b> <p>Enter new text :<input type “text” width=”60″ /></b>
<b> <p>what’s your favorite color?
<select>
<option>Red</option>
<option>Green</option>
<option>Orange</option>
</select>
</body>
And now after doing this save the file with ‘firstexample.html’. After saving this file just double click on it and the web page will appear contains your first example.
Some of the main html tags
<html></html>
HTML segments are always opened by a start tag and closed by an end tag. In this ‘/’ tells the browser to end the tag. There are two main tags which divide an html document into major sections.
<head>
And <body>
In the <body> tag it generally contains the functional content of the webpage.
<input type=”text” width=”50″>
This tag allows user to enter text and type attribute of <input> tells the browser what kind of input box to create and width attribute of <input> tells the browser how many characters the input box can have.
In our example we have also used the <select> this tag is to create a drop-down box and user can choose option from a list of options.
There are so many HTML tags that can be used in website design.
Why shell scripting?
Shell scripts can take input from a user or file and output them to the screen.
Whenever you find yourself doing the same task over and over again you should use shell scripting i.e. repetitive task automation.
- Creating your own power tools/utilities.
- Automating command input or entry.
- Customizing administrative task.
- Creating simple applications.
- Since scripts are well tested, the chances of errors are reduced while configuring services or system administration task such as adding new users.
- Monitoring your Linux system.
- Data backup and creating snapshots.
- Dumping Oracle or MySQL database for backup.
- Creating email based alert system.
- Find out what processes are eating up your system resources.
- Find out available and free memory.
- Find out all logged in users and what they are doing.
- Find out if all necessary network services are running or not. For example if web server failed then send an alert to system administrator via a pager or an email.
- Find out all failed login attempt, if login attempt are continue repeatedly from same network IP automatically block all those IPs accessing your network/service via firewall.
- User administration as per your own security policies.
- Find out information about local or remote servers.
- Configure server such as BIND (DNS server) to add zone entries.
It is useful to create nice things in shell scripting. Here are few script example I use everyday:
- Find out today’s weather (useful when you are busy in a chat room).
- Find out what that site is running (just like netcraft).
- Download RSS feeds and display them as you login or in your email.
- Find out the name of the MP3 file you are listening to.
- Monitoring your site domain expiry date every day.
Meaning of Shell?
* The linux shell is a user program or it is an environment provided for user interaction it provides command interface to the user.
* It is a command language interpreter that executes commands read from the standard input device such as keyboard or from a file.
* The linux shell started when you log in or open a console (terminal).
* linux Shell Quick and dirty way to execute utilities in the scripting.
* The shell is not part of linux system kernel, but uses the linux system kernel to execute programs, create files etc.
* Several shells are available for Linux including:
o BASH ( Bourne-Again SHell ) - Most common shell in Linux. It’s Open Source.
o CSH (C SHell) - The C shell’s syntax and usage are very similar to the C programming language.
o KSH (Korn SHell) - Created by David Korn at AT & T Bell Labs. The Korn Shell also was the base for the POSIX Shell standard specifications.
o TCSH - It is an enhanced but completely compatible version of the Berkeley UNIX C shell (CSH).
In ms-dos, the shell name known as command.com which is also used for the same purpose, but it is by far not as powerful as our Linux Shells are!
Seven layer of networking. this is very important for networking essentials.
LY 7: The application layer
At this layer quality of service is identified, user authentication and privacy are considered, and any constraints on data syntax are identified.
Layer 6: The presentation layer
At this layer, converting incoming and outgoing data from one presentation format to another .Sometimes called the syntax layer.
LY 5: The session layer
At this layer, coordinating, and terminating conversations, exchanging, and dialog between the applications at each end. It deals with session and connection coordination.
LY 4: The transport layer
At this layer there is end-to-end control and error-checking. It ensures complete data transfer.
LY 3: The network layer
At this layer routing of the data take place which is the sending of the data in the right direction to the right destination on outgoing transmissions CertTalk.com Network+ Study Guide 39 Copyright 2004 CertTalk.com All rights reserved and receiving incoming transmissions at the packet level). The network layer does routing
and forwarding. IP addressing and dynamic or static routing take place al this layer.
LY 2: The data-link layer
At this layer MAC address, framing, and switching take place.
LY 1: The physical layer
This layer conveys the bit stream through the network at the electrical and mechanical level.
Here we are discussing about internet marketing and eBooks:
E-BOOKS
Early on e-books will be normally written for speciality areas and for limited audience, supposed to be read only by small and devoted interest groups. The scope of the subject matter of these e-books included technical manuals for hardware, manufacturing techniques, and other subjects.
Internet marketing is essential in today’s competitive world of the World Wide Web. Help those who need such information on Internet marketing is expert advice found in the form of Internet Marketing E-Books.
Internet Marketing E-books are used mostly by those people who want to set up their business on the Internet or even Internet Marketing consultant who provide their clients with tips on Internet marketing. Mostly pen by expert in this field with many years of experience in this field a good E-book can be a helpful to guide in setting up your e-business.
There are of course a lot of Internet Marketing E-Books, doing the round. But earlier than you can choose one at random give a little thought towards what you exactly seek. Also do not forget to check on the relevance of the expert speak.
Before you ask an Internet Marketing E-Book make sure that the writer has used well-spoken language which makes it easy for the readers to understand what he is saying about. If you are a beginner in the felid of Internet Marketing make sure to use Internet Marketing E-Books that have basic steps to guide you and use less of technical words and more of the layman’s language.
The things to see of most Internet Marketing E-Books are the hand on guidance that the author gives you. Such tips are generally based on personal experience that the authors have faced while experimenting with Internet Marketing. In fact the most excellent part about using such Internet Marketing E-Books is that you can avoid the mistakes that others have made and be ably guided in each step of setting up your Internet Marketing ventures.
At times it so happens that any one Internet Marketing E-Book is not enough to guide you on all the techniques used for Internet Marketing. In such a case you might refer to several Internet Marketing E-Books, that way you will also get the opinions of different experts and you can corroborate what they have to say and take your final and definitive steps to Successful Internet Marketing.
Good Internet Marketing E-Books should base their guidance on the recent trends and market surveys. Some of the areas they should be advising you on should be:
Internet advertising
Good content creation
Email marketing
Proper usage of Keywords
Website development
Importance of Search Engine Optimization
Importance of Search Engine Positioning
Last but not the least using Internet Marketing E-Books can be a cost effective way of proper guidance for Internet Marketing. This is more so because hiring an Internet Marketing Firm can cost you much more than buying an Internet Marketing E-Book or browsing online for Internet Marketing E-Books material.
You would be well advised, in making a careful choice in selecting Internet Marketing E-Books of your choice. This is because there are plenty of books by authors who have no clue about the latest trends or have not done their research thoroughly before penning a book. Depending on such baseless Internet Marketing E-Books could land you in more trouble and lead your business in
To sum it all up, ebooks are a great way not only to gain knowledge on a specific topic but also a good way to make a nice income online writing your own informative ebook.
here are the 3 hot internet marketing trends to look for in 2008 and beyond:
1. the market in Asia.
2. The opportunities in offline marketing.
3. The many new people looking to start an online business.
Many internet marketers have already begun to serve these markets and are seeing surprising results.
Architecture methodology is an important feature and the very early step in the web development or any application development. n-Tier the term is used for multiple tier or multiple layers. n-Tier Architecture devides the solution process into different projects based on the business requirements. The main advantage of using n-Tier is that the elaboration associated with the business and the process is reduced and it is easy to work with. The elements of performance, scalability and future development issues need to be acknowledged when deciding on the architecture of the application depending on the antecedence.
The n-Tier application has three layers, they are called the presentation tier, the business tier and the data tier.
Each layer communicates with the layer directly below, and has perticular function to perform. Presentation Layer is responsible for displaying user interface to either programmer or end user. Programmer uses this layer for designing purpose and to get the data back and forth. In ASP.NET it includes ASPX pages, user controls, server controls and sometimes security related classes and objects.
The Business layer works as a arbiter to transfer the data from presentation layer. In the three tier architecture the data access layer is not made to communicate with the presentation layer.In ASP.NET architecture includes using SqlClient or OleDb objects to retrieve, update and delete data from SQL Server or Access databases and passing the data retrieved to the presentation layer in a DataReader or DataSet object, or a custom collection object. The Data layer retrives the data from the business layer and sends it to the database or vice versa. This layer is further divided into two sub layers Business Logic Layer (BLL) and Data Access Layer (DAL). DAL is responsible for accessing data and forwarding it to BLL. In ASP.NET it uses SqlClient or OleDb to retrieve the data and send it to BLL in the form of a DataSet or DataReader. BLL (Business Logic Layer) is responsible for processing the data retrieved and sends it to the presentation layer.
The Data layer gets the data from the business layer and transfers it to the database or gets the data from the database and sends it to the business layer. In ASP .NET it is an SQL Server or Access database.
In an ASP.NET n-tiered architecture web pages do not make direct calls to the database. A given layer only talk with its neighboring layers. ASP.NET Web pages should reference custom objects defined in the business object layer. These objects facilitates database information in a class structure.
The separating of ASP.NET applications into front-end, middle tier and back-end layers, the n-Tier architecture supports a more uniform, building block approach to application designs. Hardware and software for presentation, application and database functions can be scaled separately, and included more easily into circuitous e-Business environments.
If you know the internet and all of the website development to Asp.Net you will unavoidably know about the wonders of the DataGrid, DataList, and Repeater controls in Asp.net. While each of these has its place, if you are only displaying data there is a much faster and more effective means to do so.
Let’s say you have a articles page that displays articles based on a query string. Each article is stored in a database and displayed on the page based on the unique id of the article as stored in the database.
A typical asp page execution process goes something like this. The code queries the database based on the Article id and then brings back that information to the page where you display it in the style that you would like. This is a adequately straight forward approach with asp and is done all the time.
So how do we speed up our asp.net pages?
There are some tips that performs that task..
1# Use Caching!
Basically on the place of querying the database each time the page is loaded you only query the database once and load that result into the system cache. Consecutively calls to load the page retrieve the data from the cache as obstructed to the database which gives you an very fast and considerable performance boost. You can then set the cache for how long the cache should store your information as well as many other features. If you are not using the cache, you should be whenever possible.
2# If possible, do NOT use the standard Asp.Net controls.
The standard asp.net controls are designed for rapid development and not for page performance. They allow you to design pages that capture and display data very quickly but their actual performance suffers because of the extra overhead which is there for ease and speed of development time and not page execution speed.
Use either a User Control or even better yet a Web Custom Control which is by far the fastest performance wise and really quite easy to create and use.
3# Use an SqlDataReader or even better yet use a set based command for Sql Server data retrieval and simply execute that one command against the database.
An asp.net SqlDataReader is a fast forward only datareader that closes the connection after it reads the last set of results.
If you had more than 1 result returned, in your table of contents for instance, you would use the SqlDataReader because you are returning different sets of results.
Set based commands are stored procedures that take back data through parameters as opposed to a result set which then in turn needs to be looped through to get your data. So instead of writing your stored procedure like the following which brings back 1 result set.
Web development is the beautiful, technical and clever work for the online presentation of the different kind of information. This information may show a conflict such as business related as well social & cultural. For the creation of attractive, effective websites web developers use a different programming languages and ASP.NET website development is popular for easy development and great features. Plus being a product of world famous Microsoft, it is accepted by large web development community at global level.
Like other programming languages it is a full loaded programming language for the development of dynamic websites for the online presentation business and its products globally. Using ASP.NET you can perform variety of web development work such as custom software applications, mobile games, web applications, product development, e-commerce shopping cart and database management.The latest version of Microsoft’s Active Server Pages technology (ASP) and widely developers are using this technology for the development of dynamic websites, XML web services and web applications. ASP Technology have great power for the development of large sized enterprise applications for the global enterprise.
But what are the technical point to prefer ASP.net for the web development?
ASP.NET developer enjoying writing very less code for the development of large applications, it facilitates server-side programming model to make the development work so attractive, simple, writing pages in ASP.NET are easier as it provides source code and HTML together, execution of source code on server provides power & adaptability, fast compilation of source code in first request of page because server saves the compiled version for the next time, more security of application source code as it do not sent back to browser, due to internal configuration developer needs not to register components, security through continue inspecting of by web server which automatically removes the illegal software, memory leaks, infinite loops, etc and restarts itself and without writing code it provides validation controls.
ASP.NET is server-side technology, as it is most favorable part in addition to long list of features. Before sending to web browser, code use to execute on server and code which is sent back to browser is HTML instead of ASP.NET code which eventually facilitates the more security to code from unwanted code stealing.
There are lots of reasons websites tank. Typical non-performance issues include poor layout, disastrous design, ho-hum content, missing meta data and inbound links, confusing navigation, buried info (too many clicks required to find what the browser is looking for), Las Vegas theatrics (think way too much Flash), etc.
The good news? There are LOTS of entrepreneurs who have winning websites churning serious sales, and you can too! The starting point is to understand that your website must be all about 2 things: getting found by more prospects and converting more of those inbound leads into customers. These five easy fixes will help transform your website metrics (and grow your sales)…
Get Organized
Great websites are intuitive. They reflect serious back-end homework and have been strategically developed to engage specific target audiences. If you want your website to work as it should, anticipate what your prospects and customers are looking for at the get-go.
Be Clear
Forget fancy jargon and get to the point quickly, using compelling, professionally-written, keyword-enriched text. Remember your competitors are literally a click away, so strong keyword-rich headlines and terrific content will help to convert browsers into buyers. This applies to everything the casual visitor sees when landing on your URL’s, as well as the back-end stuff they don’t. Your meta data, which is read and ranked by the Search Engine optimization spiders (titles, descriptions, keywords and alt tags) should be crystal clear and unique to each page.
Ask for Business
This may seem like a no-brainer, but you’d be surprised how many websites get a “zero” on this one! No matter how obvious you think you might be, your site will fail Marketing 101 if you don’t have multiple “asks” or calls to action. Words like” call now”, “get more info today”, or “contact us for a free quote” are all still very effective interaction motivators.
Give Something Away
Successful Internet marketers couple many of the “asks” with a promise to deliver a valuable freebie (an e-book, white paper, podcast, etc.) Winning websites development also make it easier to convert visitors into solid leads, using multiple, short data collection forms on different pages (not just on your Contact Us page) as well as hyperlinked email boxes with specific client-focused Subject lines. Again the concept here is to make it easier for your prospects to get what they want, when they want it. By testing and assessing the results of a variety of different methods, mediums, and offers, you’ll define what produces the best results.
Brag Alot
Forget about being coy. Make your site a cash cow with the strategic use of glowing testimonials - not only on a specific “Success Stories” page, but liberally sprinkled around your entire site. Make sure each testimonial highlights specific services/products you want to sell more of, along with engaging copy that details the core benefits that your delighted client got as a result of doing business with you. Showcase different industries and diverse outcomes. Get creative and post pictures of your smiling clients, and use podcasts or videos as much as you can. People respond better to a combination of visuals, audio and tape.
By adopting these simple fixes, you are on your way to making your website the winning sales engine it should be.
Source: Hubspot grader’s Pattie Simone.
Virtual memory of the system, allowing the system to use disk room the same as RAM memory.
Networking with TCP/IP and other protocols.
Multiple user capability.
Protected mode so programs or user’s can’t access unauthorized areas.
Shared libraries
True multitasking
X - A graphical user interface similar to windows, but supports remote sessions over a network.
Advanced server functionality
FTP server
Telnet server
BOOTP server
DHCP server
Samba server
DNS server
SNMP services
Mail services
Linux Support of filesystems that other operating systems use such as DOS (FAT), Windows95,98 (FAT32), Windows NT, 2000 (NTFS), Apple, minix, and others
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